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The Seasons (Cage)
''The Seasons'' is a ballet with music by John Cage and choreography by Merce Cunningham, first performed in 1947. It was Cage's first piece for orchestra〔Pritchett, 40〕 and also the first to use what Cage later called the ''gamut'' technique, albeit in an early form.〔Pritchett, 40-45〕〔Nicholls, 189〕
==General information==
Cage composed the music in early 1947, in the midst of working on ''Sonatas and Interludes''. A piano version was first completed, and an orchestral arrangement followed. Cage dedicated ''The Seasons'' to Lincoln Kirstein. The ballet was premiered on May 17, 1947 by the Ballet Society (by which the work was commissioned〔William Fetterman. ''John Cage's Theatre Pieces: Notations and Performances'', p. 14. Routledge, 1996. ISBN 3-7186-5643-4〕) at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, with original choreography by Merce Cunningham (now lost〔). Costumes and scenery were designed by Isamu Noguchi. The dancers at the first performance were Gisela Caccialanza, Fred Danieli, Dorothy Dushock, Gerard Leavitt, Tanaquil LeClercq, Job Sanders, Beatrice Tompkins and Cunningham himself.〔Date on the first performance and contributors from: Anatole Chujoy, Phyllis Winifred Manchester. ''The Dance Encyclopedia'' p. 811. Simon and Schuster, 1967. 992p.〕
The ballet is in one act divided into nine sections: Prelude I, Winter; Prelude II, Spring; Prelude III, Summer; Prelude IV, Fall; Finale (Prelude I). As in ''Sonatas and Interludes'' and the later ''String Quartet in Four Parts'' (1950), Cage was influenced by Indian aesthetics and like the latter work, ''The Seasons'' is built on the Indian concept of seasons: winter is associated with quiescence, spring with creation, summer with preservation and fall with destruction. The Finale is a reprise of the first Prelude, symbolizing the cyclical nature of seasons.〔
As in the majority of Cage's compositions from the 1940s, the music of ''The Seasons'' is based on a predefined proportion. In this case the proportion is 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 1, and it governs not only the construction of individual movements, but also the proportions of the entire work, roughly defining the relative lengths of the movements.〔 The compositional technique involves using ''gamuts'' of sounds, i.e. predefined sonorities (single notes, chords, aggregates); Cage started developing this approach in ''The Seasons'', and later perfected it in ''String Quartet in Four Parts'' and ''Concerto for Prepared Piano''.〔
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